The results of my test were that I associate Asian Americans with foreigners and European American as from America. I am not at all surprised by these findings because most people that I have met of Asian American descent are foreigners and those that I have met from European descent have mostly been born and raised in America. Starting from birth my mother was a foreigner she was  born in the Philippines and moved here in her early 30’s. Even though my mother was from a different country she spoke perfect english. However, I still new she was a foreigner. Most people that she associated herself with were also foreigners and Asian Americans. They had their own food from their culture, their own songs from their culture and even their own jokes from their homeland. This immersion into the Asian American culture has caused me to believe that those who are Asian American are foreigners because most of the people that I had been around that were Asian American were people who had emigrated here from another country. The opposite is to be said about European Americans. The area that I lived in was primarily of European American descent and from hearing their stories they had multiple generations of family that were from America. These stories have caused me to believe that those of European descent had always lived in America. The test is a pretty good way to test your biased and how you associate things that are foreign with things that are Asian American. However, the method that they used is slightly flawed. Just because it may take you a little longer to associate two pictures together doesn’t mean you don’t associate them together. I knew what answer I wanted to do most of the time however, I couldn’t press the right key sometimes so due to this error it seemed that I associated two things together faster than others. Also when they started changing which letters associated with which race or if they were foreign or American I would get confused because the answers had changed and I was associating each answer with a letter. Other than this part for the most part the test is pretty accurate and shows immediate reactions to pictures. This test could be helpful to promote civil rights and civil liberties because it can show us where our biased views may lie but it can be improved. This test would be more effective though if there was some free response questions to show how the individual thinks opposed to just showing how the individual reacts.This would be useful in showing an individual's thought process and will cause them to be less confused when they change which keys are associated with which answers. For example it can show a foreigner an American and ask where people think that individual is from and why they think that. In conclusion, this test is pretty good and showing initial reaction to pictures and how we may associate them. However, there is still room for improvement to more accurately depict the way that users who take the test think.  

Comparing Social Media

When I conducted my project I looked at the similarities of how people talked about things on Facebook and Twitter. The movement I chose was the Black Lives Matter Movement. I chose this movement because it is one of the most talked about movements in recent history and I wanted to get a wide range of the way people were talking about a movement and to show a movement in action. The first obvious difference between the two is the thought process of the two on Twitter things that would be said are that “Black Lives Matter is the KKK in disguise” as well as having some posts with no words at all at simply hashtags, “Black kids shouldn't have to have a 3.5 GPA to matter. #BlackLivesMatter #JordanEdwards.” The way people post on twitter has no thought put into it that sometimes it doesn’t even express an opinion it just shows support of the movement. This may be due to the fact of how Twitter works. Twitter limits users to 140 characters so they can't really express themselves fully because they are limited on what they can say. On Facebook it is a whole different story because there are no limits to what you can say because there is no character limit most users don’t really take advantage of this extra ability to speak their mind and post videos and memes. Which is different than Twitter users because they simply just say spurts of what they are thinking about a movement and rarely show content of the movement. The way that they are both similar is that they both refer people to different articles to show people how the media is portraying them and what “experts” have to say about the movement. An example of a post on Facebook is as follows, “#BlackLivesMatter is a race supremacist organization, as vicious as the KKK.

If anything, they're worse because they're horribly hypocritical.

Two wrongs do not make a right, and Jesus taught the world to turn the other cheek.

Sadly, they're funded by a white Nazi collaborator named George Soros.

Don't believe me? ...

Check this out: http://overpassesforamerica.com/?p=33514

Thanks to Sarah A Slayer for the video!

For more of Sarah's work, click here: https://www.facebook.com/sarahslayer/videos another post that is compared to the Jordan Edwards post on Facebook is this, ““By over-emphasizing Jordan’s extracurricular activities, good academic standing, and innocence — like the parent of his teammate did when he expressed that this should not have happened to him and mentioned the presence of both of his parents, seemingly to contradict stereotypes about single-parent “broken homes” as a cause for black criminality or poor achievement — it is implied that this conceivably should have happened to someone else.

Jordan has become the perfect victi...m: Balch Springs police admitted they put forth an untrue version of the events, and reports claim he was an otherwise squeaky-clean young person. One might argue that a victim like Jordan “did everything right” and so does not deserve to be shot and killed in an incident of police brutality, where the racist motive for an undeserving victim is clear. But when a black person is armed, or may be armed, or has a concealed weapon (legally or not), mental health issues and is perceived as a threat to safety, or is otherwise a danger, a similarly fatal response may be considered more acceptable. These appeals to innocence assume the default condition of black people is criminal, until public opinion is persuaded to understand them as unique cases not representative of black people as a whole. And given the short attention span of media consumers in the era of the 24-hour news cycle, initial police statements, like the one botched by the Balch Springs Police Department, are important because people tend to make quick judgements, ones that may be unlikely to change.

Innocence and empathy for black victims are, thus, never assured.

We’ve seen this cycle over and over again when a black person is killed by the police: The victim’s grieving family is shown on television, and sometimes protesters are shown marching on the streets of a city mobilized by the violence. A police chief shares the officer's account of the incident, and we are left to make sense of yet another black life taken at the hands of police. In some cases, like Jordan's, people will call for accountability and base their appeals on tropes of black excellence, or the potential of black childhood, as was the case with 12-year-old Tamir Rice (though even his youth was not enough for the officer to be indicted). Even the decision to memorialize some, but not all, victims with hashtags represents how we selectively honor their lives.

Innocence is irrelevant when blackness itself is criminal. Either we affirm that all black lives matter — not just the cisgender, heterosexual, male, non-disabled, and middle class ones — or none of them do.”

See More

How Calling Jordan Edwards the ‘Perfect Victim’ Perpetuates Racism

“Innocence is irrelevant when blackness itself is criminal."

teenvogue.com.” Both these posts talk about the same thing but on Facebook individuals go into more detail. They post long paragraphs as well as post multiple videos and articles in order to express themselves. In contrast on twitter it was a short burst of words to talk about the issue.

The user just said a short excerpt of what they that and they used the #blacklivesmatter to connect himself to the movement. Another comparison between the two is the way that people respond to posts. Those on Twitter tend to have conversations with each other about the post while those on Facebook tend to just comment about the post that was made. In conclusion, when it comes to movements such as the Black Lives Matter movement individuals on Facebook will post more information on their posts but Twitter users will talk about the movement more and interact and be more engaged in the movement.

final study guide

• government - the term generally used to describe the formal institutions through which a land and its people are ruled
• government faces the challenge of doing so in ways that are true to the key American political values of liberty, equality and democracy
• citizenship -  informed and active membership in a political community
• citizens can influence their government in many ways, including serving on a jury, lobbying, writing a letter to the editor of a local newspaper, and engaging in a public rally or protest
• an authoritarian system, meaning that the government recognizes no formal limit but nevertheless be restrained by the power of other social institutions
• a system of government in which the degree of control is even greater is a totalitarian system, where the government recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other social institutions that might challenge it
• a democracy is a political system that permits citizens to play a significant part in the governmental process, usually through the election of key public officials
• constitutional government - the formal and effective limits are placed on the powers of the government
• politics - conflicts and struggles over the leadership, structure, and policies of governments
• power - having a share
• a system of government in which the populace selects representatives, who play a significant role in government decision making is usually calla a representative democracy or republic
• a system that permits citizens to vote directly on laws and policies is often called a direct democracy
• bill of rights - the first 10 amendments of the constitution 
• civil liberties, defined as individual rights and personal freedoms with which governments may not interfere  
• civil rights - protections of citizen equality provided by the governments- have also expanded dramatically since the middle of the twentieth century, when the African American struggle for equal rights took center stage
• habeas corpus - a court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for detention
• due process of law- the right of every citizen to be protected against arbitrary action by national or state governments
• selective incorporation- the process by which different protection in the bill of rights were incorporated or applied to the states using the fourteenth amendment, thus guaranteeing citizens' protection from state as well as national government
• the establishment clause can be interpreted in 2 ways
• the government is prohibited from establishing an official church
• the government may not take sides among competing religions but may provide assistance to religious institutions or ideas as long as it shows no favoritism
•    due process of law - the right of every citizen to be protected against arbitrary action by national or state governments
• strict scrutiny - higher standard of judicial review
• the free exercise clause - protects the citizens right to believe and to practice any religion   

• civil rights and civil liberties
• courts has been at the forefront of the civil rights and liberties progress

• homo sapiens dwindled because of the ice age
• used the moon to know when to harvest shellfish

workshop time

• political polarization
• tailored bonus opportunity

california government (and policy)

• California government structure
• similarities between federal and state level: state constitution, executive branch, legislation branch, and judiciary branch
• some differences: more direct democracy(inititaves/ propositions, referendums, recalls:) more specifics in constitutions (e.g. declaration of English as the official language of California; opportunities for citizens to work more directly branches)

• what is justice
• rawlson ( john rawls): justice as fairness
• utilitarian ( john stuart-mills): justice as morality; seeking happiness and satisfaction
• libertarian ( Robert nozick): justice as freedom to behave as we want

chapter 12 - the judiciary

• hiarical system of courts with appointed judges (SCOTUS, appeals court and district court judges.)
• there is a process through which cases originate (jurisdiction)
• district court - courts of appeal - supreme court
• judges can be seen as engaging in overreach by seeking to create or purposefully impact policy with rulings rather than strictly adhering to judicial review (judicial activism vs judicial restraint)
• remaining uniformly uninfluenced by public opinion
• life long appointments can insulate from political pressure, but such a mechanism can result in stagnation
• lack of diversity can limit progress and varied opinions that can benefit a changing and diverse society
• log jam of cases that can delay justice

• key questions: congressional roles and responsibilities
• approving the proposed presidential budget request
• overview of the budget process
• trimp's America's first budget
• what makes up the budget and how it is paid for

• roles and structure of congress 
• structure bicameral with 535 members non-fixed representation, all of whom have term limits 
• reapptionment of congressional seats based on cacuss 
• gerrymandering 
• illegality of gerrymandering 
• comitees 
• congress members supported by staffers, who also participate in describing legislation

When someone represents you it means that they represent your ideals and what you believe in. 

• government is the term generally used  to describe the formal institutions through which a land and its people are ruled 
• trust in government has declined 
• the american public view of government has declined, and Americans are now more likely to feel that they can do little to influence the governments actions 
• political efficacy is the belief that ordinary citizens can affect what government does, that they can take action to make government listen to them
• today, voting is considered the building block of citizenship informed and active membership in a political community as it is the method by which Americans choose their elected leaders. 

• division of power among states and federal government 
• enforcement of federal (i.e. laws) at the state level 
• cooperation (i.e. concurent power) between state and federal governments 
• in addition to the constitution, the courts (i.e. Supreme court) has determined 

federalism - states rights

• division of power - among states and federal government 
• enforcmentof federal power ( i,e, laws) 
• cooperation (i.e. concurrent power) between state and federal governments 
• in addition to the constitution, the courts (i,e, supreme court) has determined the limits of power of the federal government and state government 
• current key battle grounds of federalism 
• voting rights 
• healthcare 
• enviorment 
• immigration 
• california vs trump 

Chapter 1: The Citizen and Government

• government is the term generally used to describe the formal institutions through which a land and its peopleare ruled 
• liberty means personal freedom and a government who's powers are limited by law 
• Equality is the idea that all individuals should have the right to participate in political life and society on equivelant terms 
• democracy means placing considerable political power in the hands of ordinary people 
• Americans look to government in times of war 
• In 1929 after the great depression congress passed legislation that brought the government into the buisiness of home mortgages, farm mortgages, credit and relief of personal distress 

the founding and the constitution

• social unrest 
• precieved inequality 
• precieved opression 
• discontent with current system of govening 
• desire for change that would establish a government system ( and society) that would ensure and facilitate 
• fairness 
• protection 
• freedom 
• empowerment 
• representation 
• security 
• civil/uncivil disobedience and unrest - organizing - foundation deceleration of independence
• foundation: articles of confederation - more protesting and reconfiguring - federalist papers vs anti federalists - the final constitution  

• the 10th ammendment those rights that arent explicitly stated is given to the states 
• originalism is the idea that the constitution is a static and enduring, meaning that it should be strictly applied based on the text and original intersections of the farmers, theoretically, thi is a way to ensure that it's unterpertation and application is not swayed by social changes or personal ideologies (i.e. that of the judges.)
• roe v wade - a landmark case about abortion